Impact of Renaissance on English Literature

Impact of Renaissance on English Literature

The Renaissance significantly transformed English literature, marking a shift from medieval to modern themes. It emphasized humanism and individual experience, evident in works by Shakespeare, Marlowe, and Jonson. The era saw the rise of drama, poetry, and prose, with notable contributions from figures like Sir Thomas Wyatt and Erasmus. This period introduced new literary forms and styles, reflecting the revival of classical learning and the exploration of human nature. The impact of the Renaissance continues to influence literature today.

Key Points

  • Explores the influence of Renaissance on English drama, highlighting key figures like Shakespeare and Marlowe.
  • Examines the evolution of poetry during the Renaissance, showcasing the works of Wyatt, Surrey, and Spenser.
  • Discusses the emergence of prose writers such as Sir Thomas More and Erasmus, emphasizing their contributions to English literature.
  • Analyzes the themes of humanism and individualism prevalent in Renaissance literature.
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The Impact of Renaissance on English
Literature
Introduction
The Renaissance is an event that drew a clear line between medieval and the modern
world. The Renaissance brought innovation to English literature which was mainly concentrated
on mystery plays that were religious in nature. Shakespeare’s plays, written during the
Renaissance, are the commentaries and a reflection of the Renaissance’s emphasis on
humanism. For example, Hamlet includes the theme of the father – son relationship, guilt and
some others. Hudson said –
The Renaissance aroused the intellect and the aesthetic faculties
In a broader sense Renaissance was the beginning of intellectual movement. Renaissance is
greatly applied to the revival of arts, literature and education in Europe under the influence of
Greek and Latin.
Origin of Renaissance
Renaissance is derived from the Italian Renescentia means rebirth. The French
historian Jules Michelet used Renaissance for the first time. Italy was the cradle of Renaissance.
It began in Italy in the 14
th
century, spread to England by 16
th
century, and ended in the mid –
seventeenth century. And also, the term Humanism sprang from it.
Meaning of Renaissance
The Renaissance means rebirth. The French historian Jules Michelet used the word for
the first time. Renaissance means –
2
The discovery of the world and the discovery of man, by man
In other words, it was a psychological revolution which took place in European society.
Renaissance is sometimes known as the revival of learning.
The Effect of Renaissance on English Literature
The impact of the Renaissance on English Literature is an increased willingness of
writers to satirize existing works. The most significant impact of the Renaissance on English
literature was seen in the changes of perception of human beings. For example, the words of
Williams –
Now he looked inward into his own soul,
Seeking the meaning of experience in term of his free individuality.
The Renaissance brought about a new spirit in English literature in all its aspects. The thirst for
classical learning also gave a new impetus to literature. All the forms of literature were
developed during this period:
1) Impact on Drama
The Renaissance scored its first clear impact on English drama in the middle of the
sixteenth century. During the Renaissance, drama become more secularized and reached
crowning glory in the hands of University Wits such as Marlowe, Shakespeare and Ben Jonson.
Among the University Wits, Marlowe has been called – “The true child of the Renaissance.” The
heroes in his plays show an infinite desire for knowledge, wealth and power. Shakespeare
introduced all the forms of drama. He wrote historical and romantic plays. His greatest
achievement was in the field of tragedy. Ben Jonson introduced a new kind of drama known as
comedy of humour. In his plays, the social evils and lust for money are shown that found in the
English society. The tragic plays of blood and revenge were introduced by John Webster in this
age.
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- Examples
Marlowe’s Doctor Faustus, Tamburlaine, Jew of Malta and Edward II
Shakespeare’s Macbeth, Othello, Hamlet, King Lear and A Mid Summer Night’s Dream
Ben Jonson’s Alchemist, Everyman in His Humour and Volpone
These are a few examples of the dramas of the Renaissance age.
2) Impact on Poetry
In Poetry, the spirit of Renaissance can be seen in the works of Wyatt, Surrey, Spenser,
Sidney, Shakespeare and etc. this form became a fashionable and handy tool for the great
poets of this age. Sir Thomas Wyatt and the Earl of Surrey were the pioneers of the new poetry
in England. They both gave English poetry a new sense of grace, dignity and harmony. They did
their best to imitate Italian Renaissance.
Wyatt has introduced the sonnet in English literature. Though in his sonnets Wyatt did
not employ regular iambic pentameters, yet he created a sense of discipline among the poets of
the era. According to David Daiches –
Wyatt’s sonnets represent one of the most interesting movements toward
metrical discipline, found in English literary history
Surrey’s works are characterized by exquisite grace and tenderness. He was a better craftsman
and gives greater harmony to his poetry. Surrey employed blank verse in English literature with
the translation of the fourth book of The Aeneid.
- Examples
Shakespeare’s 154 sonnets
Sidney’s Astrophel and Stella
Spenser’s Amoretti
Milton’s Paradise Lost
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FAQs of Impact of Renaissance on English Literature

What are the main themes of Renaissance literature?
Renaissance literature primarily explores themes of humanism, individualism, and the revival of classical learning. Writers began to focus on human experiences, emotions, and relationships, moving away from the religious and moralistic themes of the medieval period. This shift is evident in the works of Shakespeare, who delves into complex characters and moral dilemmas, and Marlowe, who explores ambition and desire. The literature of this era reflects a broader intellectual movement that sought to understand humanity's place in the world.
How did the Renaissance influence English drama?
The Renaissance had a profound impact on English drama, leading to a more secular and diverse range of themes. This period saw the rise of playwrights like Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare, who introduced complex characters and intricate plots. Marlowe's works, such as 'Doctor Faustus,' showcase the Renaissance's emphasis on ambition and the quest for knowledge. Shakespeare's tragedies and comedies reflect the human condition, exploring love, power, and morality, thus elevating English drama to new artistic heights.
What role did poetry play during the Renaissance?
Poetry during the Renaissance became a vital form of expression, reflecting the era's themes of beauty, love, and nature. Pioneers like Sir Thomas Wyatt and the Earl of Surrey introduced the sonnet form to English literature, imbuing it with grace and emotional depth. Poets such as Edmund Spenser and Philip Sidney further developed this genre, exploring complex themes and employing rich imagery. The Renaissance's influence on poetry established a foundation that would shape English literary traditions for centuries.
Who were the key prose writers of the Renaissance?
Key prose writers of the Renaissance include Sir Thomas More, Erasmus, and John Lyly, who significantly shaped English literature. More's 'Utopia' presents a vision of an ideal society, reflecting Renaissance humanist ideals. Erasmus's 'Praise of Folly' critiques societal norms and religious practices, showcasing the era's intellectual spirit. These writers contributed to the development of English prose, blending classical influences with contemporary themes, thus enriching the literary landscape of the time.
What is the significance of humanism in Renaissance literature?
Humanism is a central theme in Renaissance literature, emphasizing the value of individual experience and rational thought. This movement encouraged writers to explore human emotions, relationships, and moral dilemmas, moving away from the religious focus of the medieval era. Authors like Shakespeare and Marlowe exemplify this shift, as their works delve into the complexities of human nature and society. The significance of humanism lies in its lasting impact on literature, shaping modern storytelling and character development.

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