Lab Report 14 on Bacteriophage Specificity investigates how viruses (phages) select specific bacterial hosts to infect, typically demonstrating narrow host ranges. By using a plaque assay, students observe that a specific phage causes bacterial lysis (clearing) only in compatible bacteria, confirming high specificity via receptor binding.
final micro lab test ch 14 bacteriophage specificity
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1. nucleic acid
genome
passes information from one generation to the next and all viruses have one.
2. capsid a protein coat that surrounds the nucleic acid core
3. envelope surrounds the capsid but only some viruses have this not all.
4. bacteriophages viruses that infect bacteria
5. phage typing identification of bacterial strains using infectivity by different bacteriophages
6. virulent phage A phage that reproduces only by a lytic cycle.
7. lyctic cycle A virulent phage enters the bacterial cell, takes over the activities of the cell for the
purpose of making and assembling multiple copies of itself. The host cell bursts
open, releasing new viruses. As a result, the bacterial host dies. The entire cycle,
from phage attachment to lysis, can take as little as 30 minutes at 37 degrees
Celsius to produce 100 to 200 new viruses.
8. temperate phage a phage that is capable of replicating by either a lytic or lysogenic cycle
9. lysogenic cycle a temperate phage enters the bacterial cell but does not disrupt the functioning
of the host cell. The phage nucleic acid becomes integrated into the host DNA
and replicates along with it as a prophage. In this way, the host remains alive.
However, new phages may be produced when induced into the lyctic cycle by an
environmental factor.
10. prophage the phage nucleic acid becomes integrated into the host DNA and replicates along
with it
11. non-integrative
lysogeny
Certain temprate phages may enter the bacterial cell and stay in the cytoplasm as a
plasmid. The host activities are not affected and the phage plasmid replicates along
with the host cell or independent of its reproduction. Here again, new phages may
be produced when the phages switches to lytic cycle.
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final micro lab test ch 14 bacteriophage specificity
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12. plaques patches of lysis and area of lysed bacteria representing one initial bacteriophage
13. what was the pur-
pose of the bac-
teriophage speci-
ficity exercise?
To identify potential lysis within a bacterial lawn.
14. how do you know
if bacteriophage
infected the bac-
teria?
By using the process called phage typing.Plaque formation is usually an indication
of bacteriophage that has infected the bacteria.
15. why didn't bac-
teriophage infect
all three bacteria?
because they have to be a match. If they do not match the virus cannot enter the
host cell and cannot infect it.
16. what is the ex-
planation for bac-
teriophage speci-
ficly when it
comes to infect-
ing specific bac-
terium?
viruses only infect those cells that have a matching protein to the one that is found
on the virus capid.
17. Describe how this
exercise demon-
strates the princi-
ple of phage typ-
ing.
It showed what bacteria's were sensitive to lyctic T4-Phage suspension
18. List other bio-
logical examples
pull-down assay, yeast-two hybrid assay
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final micro lab test ch 14 bacteriophage specificity
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in which specif-
ic protein inter-
actions are in-
volved?
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