“How to Observe: Morals and Manners” by Harriet Martineau is a philosophical guide written in the mid-19th century. The work serves as an instructional manual for travelers and students, outlining the principles and methods necessary for effective observation of various societies, their morals, and manners. The author aims to educate readers on the complexities of understanding human behavior and cultural practices without falling into the trap of hasty generalizations or biases.