A game is fair if every participant has an equal chance of winning and the expected payoff is zero (no player or house advantage).
Explanation
In probability and game theory, a fair game means the rules do not favor any participant. This typically implies that all players have equal opportunities to win, and the average outcome over many plays is zero for each player in a zero-sum setting. Transparency of randomness and absence of hidden information or manipulation are also hallmarks of fairness, ensuring no player can gain an advantage through the rules or the setup.
Key Points
- 1, Equal chances and impartial rules: no player has an inherent advantage due to position, equipment, or information.
- 2, Expected value is zero (zero-sum) or no house edge: the long-run average payoff is fair to all participants.
- 3, No hidden information and unbiased randomness: outcomes are determined by clear rules and fair, verifiable randomness.