• Found mostly in Potohar Plateau (Punjab) and
Balochistan uplands.
• EXAMPLES: Wheat, Barley, Mustard
➢ LIVESTOCK FARMING:
• Dairy Farming – The raising of cattle, buffaloes,
and goats for milk production.
➢ SUBSISTENCE LIVESTOCK FARMING: Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa (Swat, Dir) – Families rear cattle and poultry
for home consumption.
➢ BUFFALOES:
• Most Important Dairy Animal:
Buffaloes are the main source of milk in Pakistan,
producing around 65% of total milk.
➢ CATTLES:
• Second Most Important Livestock Animal:
Cattle are raised for milk, meat, hides, and draft work,
especially in rural areas.
➢ SHEEPS AND GOATS:
• Widespread in Arid and Hilly Areas:
✓ Reared in Balochistan, Sindh, Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa, and Gilgit-Baltistan..
➢ GOVERNMENT EFFORTS TO INCREASE AGRICULTURE:
• Irrigation Projects:
Construction of dams, canals, and tube wells to supply
water to farms.
Tarbela and Mangla dams store water for irrigation.
• Subsidies and Credit Schemes:
Farmers are given loans and subsidies for fertilizers,
seeds, and machinery.
Zarai Taraqiati Bank provides agricultural credit.
• Improved Seeds and Fertilizers:
Government distributes high-yield and disease-
resistant seeds.
Promotes use of chemical and organic fertilizers.
• Training and Extension Services:
Agricultural officers guide farmers on modern
techniques, pest control, and crop rotation.
• Mechanization and Equipment:
Encouraging use of tractors, harvesters, and
threshers to increase productivity.
• Research Institutions:
Support from PARC (Pakistan Agricultural Research
Council) to develop better farming practices.
MINERAL RESOURCES
• GDP Contribution:
✓ The mining and quarrying sector contributes about
2.4% to Pakistan’s total GDP.
✓ Within the industrial sector, it makes up around
13.19% of the output.
• Key Minerals:
✓ Includes coal, natural gas, crude oil, chromite, gypsum,
limestone, rock salt, and marble.
• Growth in Production:
✓ Coal production increased from 9.7 million tons (FY
2022) to 15 million tons (FY 2023).
Cheaper and safer than underground mining.
➢ GOVERNMENT POLICIES FOR MINERAL DEVELOPMENT:
1. Establishment of Authorities:
• Creation of PMDC (Pakistan Mineral Development
Corporation) to explore and develop mineral
resources.
• Geological Survey of Pakistan (GSP) conducts
surveys to locate new mineral deposits.
2. Foreign Investment Promotion:
• Encouragement of foreign companies through
joint ventures (e.g., Saindak copper-gold project
with China).
• Offering tax incentives and simplified licensing.
3. Modern Mining Techniques:
✓ Promotion of modern equipment and safety
standards to improve efficiency and reduce
environmental damage.
• Examples in Pakistan:
✓ Saindak copper-gold project with China includes
modern safety and environment controls.
✓ Reko Diq project expected to follow international
sustainable mining practices.
FOREST
• GDP Contribution:
The forestry sector contributes around 0.4% to 0.5%
to Pakistan’s national GDP.
• Forest Area:
Forests cover only about 5% of Pakistan’s land area
(well below the international standard of 25%).
Location: Artificially planted near canals – Changa
Manga, Chichawatni (Punjab).
Government Efforts In Pakistan:
✓ Billion Tree Tsunami (2015–2018)
Launched by: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Government
Objective: Plant 1 billion trees to combat
deforestation and climate change.
Achieved target ahead of schedule, recognized by
WWF as a successful model.
✓ Ten Billion Tree Tsunami (2019–2023)
Launched by: Federal Government of Pakistan
Goal: Plant 10 billion trees across Pakistan in multiple
phases.
✓ Green Pakistan Programme (2016)
Initiated under Prime Minister’s vision to improve
forest cover.
Aimed at planting trees on degraded forest land and
along canals, roads, and urban areas.
✓ National Tree Plantation Drives:
Regular plantation campaigns held on occasions like
Independence Day, Earth Day, and Tree Plantation
Day.
Involve students, volunteers, armed forces, and civil
society.
✓ Agha Khan Rural Program:
AKRSP is a non-governmental initiative working in
Gilgit-Baltistan and Chitral.
Local people are involved in reforestation, nursery
development, and awareness campaigns.
The program has planted millions of trees and helps
maintain sustainable forestry in northern Pakistan.
Examples:
