AP Chemistry Ion Sheet Chemical Nomenclature

AP Chemistry Ion Sheet Chemical Nomenclature

The AP Chemistry Ion Sheet provides essential information on chemical nomenclature, focusing on both monatomic and polyatomic ions. It includes detailed lists of cations and anions, along with naming conventions for acids and their corresponding ions. This resource is invaluable for AP Chemistry students preparing for exams, offering clarity on complex nomenclature rules. Key topics include the differentiation between ionic and molecular compounds, as well as specific examples of common ions and their charges. Understanding these concepts is crucial for mastering chemical reactions and equations in the AP Chemistry curriculum.

Key Points

  • Includes comprehensive lists of monatomic and polyatomic ions with charges.
  • Explains naming conventions for binary and ternary acids in chemistry.
  • Covers the differences between ionic and molecular compounds.
  • Provides examples of common cations and anions used in AP Chemistry.
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AP Chemistry Ion Sheet -- Chemical Nomenclature
You have a choice: (a) You can memorize this list. (b) You can memorize some acid formulas and names
and use them to predict the names and formulas of the polyatomic anions. In the following list: (a) The first name
given is the IUPAC or Stock System name. (b) The second name is a traditional name.
I. Monatomic Anions (-ide suffix):
==========================================
hydride H
-1
fluoride F
-1
chloride Cl
-1
bromide Br
-1
iodide I
-1
astatide At
-1
---------------------------------------------------------------
oxide O
-2
sulfide S
-2
sellenide Se
-2
telluride Te
-2
---------------------------------------------------------------
nitride N
-3
phosphide P
-3
arsenide As
-3
---------------------------------------------------------------
carbide C
-4
silicide Si
-4
=========================================
II. Polyatomic Anions (-ite/-ate suffix)
=========================================
polyatomic anions with hydrogen:
-------------------------------------------------------------
hydrogen carbonate/bicarbonate HCO
3
-1
hydrogen sulfate/bisulfate HSO
4
-1
hydrogen sulfite/bisulfite HSO
3
-1
monohydrogen phosphate HPO
4
-2
dihydrogen phosphate H
2
PO
4
-1
hydrogen oxalate/binoxalate HC
2
O
4
-1
hydrogen phthalate/biphthalate HC
8
H
4
O
4
-1
---------------------------------------------------------------
polyatomic anions with sulfur:
---------------------------------------------------------------
thiocyanate SCN
-1
thiosulfate S
2
O
3
-2
--------------------------------------------------------------
monovalent polyatomic anions:
--------------------------------------------------------------
nitrate NO
3
-1
nitrite NO
2
-1
---------------------------------------------------------------
perchlorate ClO
4
-1
chlorate ClO
3
-1
chlorite ClO
2
-1
hypochlorite ClO
-1
---------------------------------------------------------------
perbromate BrO
4
-1
bromate BrO
3
-1
bromite BrO
2
-1
hypobromite BrO-1
---------------------------------------------------------------
periodate IO
4
-1
iodate IO
3
-1
iodite IO
2
-1
hypoiodite IO
-1
---------------------------------------------------------------
permanganate MnO
4
-1
manganate MnO
3
-1
---------------------------------------------------------------
cyanate OCN
-1
acetate C
2
H
3
O
2
-1
hydroxide OH
-1
cyanide CN
-1
---------------------------------------------------------------
divalent polyatomic anions:
---------------------------------------------------------------
sulfate SO
4
-2
sulfite SO
3
-2
---------------------------------------------------------------
chromate CrO
4
-2
chromite CrO
3
-2
dichromate Cr
2
O
7
-2
---------------------------------------------------------------
carbonate CO
3
-2
oxalate C
2
O
4
-2
phthalate C
8
H
4
O
4
-2
peroxide O
2
-2
---------------------------------------------------------------
tri- and tetravalent polyatomic anions:
---------------------------------------------------------------
perborate BO
4
-3
borate BO
3
-3
---------------------------------------------------------------
phosphate PO
4
-3
phosphite PO
3
-3
---------------------------------------------------------------
arsenate AsO
4
-3
arsenite AsO
3
-3
---------------------------------------------------------------
silicate SiO
4
-4
AP Chemistry Ion Sheet -- Chemical Nomenclature
You have a choice: (a) You can memorize this list. (b) You can learn to use the periodic chart to predict the
positive charges of the metal and metalloid cations. In the following list: (a) The first name given is the IUPAC or
Stock System name. (b) The second name is a traditional name.
I. Monatomic Cations
==========================================
monovalent cations: (Table 8-1and 8-2)
---------------------------------------------------------------
hydrogen H
+1
lithium Li
+1
sodium Na
+1
potassium K
+1
rubidium Rb
+1
cesium Cs
+1
francium Fr
+1
---------------------------------------------------------------
ammonium NH
4
+1
silver Ag
+1
copper (I) or cuprous Cu
+1
gold (I) or aurous Au
+1
mercury (I) or mercurous (Hg
+1
) in Hg
2
+2
---------------------------------------------------------------
divalent cations: (Table 8-1 and 8-2)
---------------------------------------------------------------
beryllium Be
+2
magnesium Mg
+2
calcium Ca
+2
strontium Sr
+2
barium Ba
+2
radium Ra
+2
---------------------------------------------------------------
zinc Zn
+2
cadmium Cd
+2
copper (II) or cupric Cu
+2
mercury (II) or mercuric Hg
+2
chromium (II) or chromous Cr
+2
manganese (II) or manganous Mn
+2
iron (II) or ferrous Fe
+2
cobalt (II) or cobaltous Co
+2
nickel (II) or nickelous Ni
+2
tin (II) or stannous Sn
+2
lead (II) or plumbous Pb
+2
---------------------------------------------------------------
trivalent cations (Table 8-1 and 8-2)
---------------------------------------------------------------
aluminum Al
+3
gold (III) or auric Au
+3
chromium (III) or chromic Cr
+3
manganese (III) or manganic Mn
+3
iron (III) or ferric Fe
+3
cobalt (III) or cobaltic Co
+3
nickel (III) or nickelic Ni
+3
cerium (III) or cerous Ce
+3
arsenic (III) or arsenous As
+3
antimony (III) or antimonous Sb
+3
bismuth (III) or bismuthous Bi
+3
---------------------------------------------------------------
tetra- & pentavalent cations (Table 8-2)
---------------------------------------------------------------
tin (IV) or stannic Sn
+4
lead (IV) or plumbic Pb
+4
cerium (IV) or ceric Ce
+4
arsenic (V) or arsenic As
+5
antimony (V) or antimonic Sb
+5
bismuth (V) or bismuthic Bi
+5
==========================================
Handout Table 8-2: Positive Ions Whose Charges Vary
Traditional Name
IUPAC Name root -ous ending -ic ending
copper (I) and (II) cupr- Cu+1 Cu+2
gold (I) and (III) aur- Au+1 Au+3
mercury (I) and (II) mercur- Hg2+2 Hg+2
chromium (II) and (III) chrom- Cr+2 Cr+3
manganese (II) and (III) mangan- Mn+2 Mn+3
iron (II) and (III) ferr- Fe+2 Fe+3
cobalt (II) and (III) cobalt- Co+2 Co+3
nickel (II) and (III) nickel- Ni+2 Ni+3
tine (II) and (IV) stann- Sn+2 Sn+4
lead (II) and (IV) plumb- Pb+2 Pb+4
cerium (III) and (IV) cer- Ce+3 Ce+4
arsenic (III) and (V) arsen- As+3 As+5
antimony (III) and (V) antimon- Sb+3 Sb+5
bismuth (III) and (V) bismuth- Bi+3 Bi+5
AP Chemistry -- Acids and the Nomenclature of Ions
I. Binary Acids and Monatomic Anions:
Binary Acids are those molecular compounds beginning with hydrogen and ending with another nonmetal or
possibly a metalloid. Note that HCN, hydrocyanic acid is also included in this group. To make the acids into
monatomic anions, remove the hydrogens -- one at a time. Each hydrogen removed leaves the anion with a -1
charge.
Binary Acid Naming Rule = hydro prefix - root of 2nd element -ic suffix acid
Anion Naming Rule = drop the prefix and the word acid, change the suffix to -ide
acid formulaacid name ion formula ion name
Examples: HF hydrofluoric acid F
-1
fluoride
HCl hydrochloric acid Cl
-1
chloride
HBr hydrobromic acid Br
-1
bromide
HI hydroiodic acid I
-1
iodide
HCN hydrocyanic acid CN
-1
cyanide
H
2
S hydrosulfuric acid HS
-1
hydrogen sulfide or bisulfide
S
-2
sulfide
HN
3
hydrazoic acid N
3
-1
azide
II. Ternary Acids or Oxy-Acids:
Ternary acids contain three of more elements. They start with hydrogen, end with oxygen, and have another
nonmetal or metalloid in between. To make the acids into polyatomic anions, remove the hydrogens -- one at a time.
Each hydrogen removed leaves the anion with a -1 charge. Each ternary acid belongs to a family of potentially four
members. One member of the family is designated the "parent acid." You must memorize the names and formulas
of the common parent acids.
Ternary Acid Family Naming Rules:
HIO
4 (add an oxygen to parent) add per- prefix to parent name: periodic acid
** HIO
3
parent acid ** iodic acid
HIO
2 (remove one oxygen) change suffix to -ous: iodous acid
HIO (remove a second oxygen) add hypo- prefix to -ous name: hypoiodous acid
Anion Naming Rule = drop the word acid
change -ic suffix to -ate
change -ous suffix to -ite
acid formulaacid name ion formulaion name
Examples: HIO
4
periodic acid IO
4
-1
periodate
HIO
3
iodic acid IO
3
-1
iodate
HIO
2
iodous acid IO
2
-1
iodite
HIO hypoiodous acid IO-
1
hypoiodite
(H
3
AsO
4
= arsenic acid H
2
AsO
4
-1
= dihydrogen arsenate HAsO
4
-2
= monohydrogen arsenate)
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FAQs of AP Chemistry Ion Sheet Chemical Nomenclature

What are monatomic anions and their examples?
Monatomic anions are ions consisting of a single atom that carries a negative charge. Common examples include fluoride (F-1), chloride (Cl-1), and oxide (O-2). These anions are formed when atoms gain electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration. Understanding these ions is crucial for naming compounds and predicting chemical behavior in reactions.
How are ternary acids named and what are some examples?
Ternary acids, or oxyacids, contain hydrogen, oxygen, and another nonmetal. They are named based on the polyatomic ion they contain. For example, HNO3 is named nitric acid, corresponding to the nitrate ion (NO3-1). If the acid has one less oxygen, such as HNO2, it is named nitrous acid, corresponding to the nitrite ion (NO2-1). This systematic naming helps in identifying the relationship between acids and their anions.
What is the significance of the IUPAC naming system in chemistry?
The IUPAC naming system provides a standardized method for naming chemical compounds, ensuring clarity and consistency in communication among chemists. It helps in identifying the composition and structure of a compound based on its name. For example, the name 'iron (II) chloride' indicates that iron has a +2 charge in this compound. This system is essential for students and professionals to accurately describe and understand chemical substances.
What are the rules for naming binary acids?
Binary acids are named using a specific set of rules: start with the prefix 'hydro', followed by the root of the second element, and end with the suffix '-ic' followed by 'acid'. For instance, HCl is named hydrochloric acid. When the acid is converted to its anion, the 'hydro' prefix and 'acid' suffix are dropped, and the suffix changes to '-ide', resulting in chloride for Cl-1. This systematic approach aids in the understanding of acid-base chemistry.

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