AP Chemistry Ion Sheet Chemical Nomenclature Guide

AP Chemistry Ion Sheet Chemical Nomenclature Guide

The AP Chemistry Ion Sheet focuses on chemical nomenclature essential for mastering ionic and molecular compounds. It provides comprehensive lists of monatomic and polyatomic ions, including their charges and traditional names. Students preparing for the AP Chemistry exam will find valuable information on naming binary acids and ternary acids, along with specific rules for ionic and molecular nomenclature. This resource is ideal for high school chemistry students looking to enhance their understanding of chemical formulas and nomenclature conventions. The sheet also includes a detailed table of common parent ternary acids and their corresponding anions.

Key Points

  • Includes monatomic and polyatomic ion lists with charges and names
  • Covers binary and ternary acid naming conventions
  • Provides rules for ionic and molecular nomenclature
  • Features a table of common parent ternary acids and their anions
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AP Chemistry Ion Sheet -- Chemical Nomenclature
You have a choice: (a) You can memorize this list. (b) You can memorize some acid formulas and names
and use them to predict the names and formulas of the polyatomic anions. In the following list: (a) The first name
given is the IUPAC or Stock System name. (b) The second name is a traditional name.
I. Monatomic Anions (-ide suffix):
==========================================
hydride H
-1
fluoride F
-1
chloride Cl
-1
bromide Br
-1
iodide I
-1
astatide At
-1
---------------------------------------------------------------
oxide O
-2
sulfide S
-2
sellenide Se
-2
telluride Te
-2
---------------------------------------------------------------
nitride N
-3
phosphide P
-3
arsenide As
-3
---------------------------------------------------------------
carbide C
-4
silicide Si
-4
=========================================
II. Polyatomic Anions (-ite/-ate suffix)
=========================================
polyatomic anions with hydrogen:
-------------------------------------------------------------
hydrogen carbonate/bicarbonate HCO
3
-1
hydrogen sulfate/bisulfate HSO
4
-1
hydrogen sulfite/bisulfite HSO
3
-1
monohydrogen phosphate HPO
4
-2
dihydrogen phosphate H
2
PO
4
-1
hydrogen oxalate/binoxalate HC
2
O
4
-1
hydrogen phthalate/biphthalate HC
8
H
4
O
4
-1
---------------------------------------------------------------
polyatomic anions with sulfur:
---------------------------------------------------------------
thiocyanate SCN
-1
thiosulfate S
2
O
3
-2
--------------------------------------------------------------
monovalent polyatomic anions:
--------------------------------------------------------------
nitrate NO
3
-1
nitrite NO
2
-1
---------------------------------------------------------------
perchlorate ClO
4
-1
chlorate ClO
3
-1
chlorite ClO
2
-1
hypochlorite ClO
-1
---------------------------------------------------------------
perbromate BrO
4
-1
bromate BrO
3
-1
bromite BrO
2
-1
hypobromite BrO-1
---------------------------------------------------------------
periodate IO
4
-1
iodate IO
3
-1
iodite IO
2
-1
hypoiodite IO
-1
---------------------------------------------------------------
permanganate MnO
4
-1
manganate MnO
3
-1
---------------------------------------------------------------
cyanate OCN
-1
acetate C
2
H
3
O
2
-1
hydroxide OH
-1
cyanide CN
-1
---------------------------------------------------------------
divalent polyatomic anions:
---------------------------------------------------------------
sulfate SO
4
-2
sulfite SO
3
-2
---------------------------------------------------------------
chromate CrO
4
-2
chromite CrO
3
-2
dichromate Cr
2
O
7
-2
---------------------------------------------------------------
carbonate CO
3
-2
oxalate C
2
O
4
-2
phthalate C
8
H
4
O
4
-2
peroxide O
2
-2
---------------------------------------------------------------
tri- and tetravalent polyatomic anions:
---------------------------------------------------------------
perborate BO
4
-3
borate BO
3
-3
---------------------------------------------------------------
phosphate PO
4
-3
phosphite PO
3
-3
---------------------------------------------------------------
arsenate AsO
4
-3
arsenite AsO
3
-3
---------------------------------------------------------------
silicate SiO
4
-4
AP Chemistry Ion Sheet -- Chemical Nomenclature
You have a choice: (a) You can memorize this list. (b) You can learn to use the periodic chart to predict the
positive charges of the metal and metalloid cations. In the following list: (a) The first name given is the IUPAC or
Stock System name. (b) The second name is a traditional name.
I. Monatomic Cations
==========================================
monovalent cations: (Table 8-1and 8-2)
---------------------------------------------------------------
hydrogen H
+1
lithium Li
+1
sodium Na
+1
potassium K
+1
rubidium Rb
+1
cesium Cs
+1
francium Fr
+1
---------------------------------------------------------------
ammonium NH
4
+1
silver Ag
+1
copper (I) or cuprous Cu
+1
gold (I) or aurous Au
+1
mercury (I) or mercurous (Hg
+1
) in Hg
2
+2
---------------------------------------------------------------
divalent cations: (Table 8-1 and 8-2)
---------------------------------------------------------------
beryllium Be
+2
magnesium Mg
+2
calcium Ca
+2
strontium Sr
+2
barium Ba
+2
radium Ra
+2
---------------------------------------------------------------
zinc Zn
+2
cadmium Cd
+2
copper (II) or cupric Cu
+2
mercury (II) or mercuric Hg
+2
chromium (II) or chromous Cr
+2
manganese (II) or manganous Mn
+2
iron (II) or ferrous Fe
+2
cobalt (II) or cobaltous Co
+2
nickel (II) or nickelous Ni
+2
tin (II) or stannous Sn
+2
lead (II) or plumbous Pb
+2
---------------------------------------------------------------
trivalent cations (Table 8-1 and 8-2)
---------------------------------------------------------------
aluminum Al
+3
gold (III) or auric Au
+3
chromium (III) or chromic Cr
+3
manganese (III) or manganic Mn
+3
iron (III) or ferric Fe
+3
cobalt (III) or cobaltic Co
+3
nickel (III) or nickelic Ni
+3
cerium (III) or cerous Ce
+3
arsenic (III) or arsenous As
+3
antimony (III) or antimonous Sb
+3
bismuth (III) or bismuthous Bi
+3
---------------------------------------------------------------
tetra- & pentavalent cations (Table 8-2)
---------------------------------------------------------------
tin (IV) or stannic Sn
+4
lead (IV) or plumbic Pb
+4
cerium (IV) or ceric Ce
+4
arsenic (V) or arsenic As
+5
antimony (V) or antimonic Sb
+5
bismuth (V) or bismuthic Bi
+5
==========================================
Handout Table 8-2: Positive Ions Whose Charges Vary
Traditional Name
IUPAC Name root -ous ending -ic ending
copper (I) and (II) cupr- Cu+1 Cu+2
gold (I) and (III) aur- Au+1 Au+3
mercury (I) and (II) mercur- Hg2+2 Hg+2
chromium (II) and (III) chrom- Cr+2 Cr+3
manganese (II) and (III) mangan- Mn+2 Mn+3
iron (II) and (III) ferr- Fe+2 Fe+3
cobalt (II) and (III) cobalt- Co+2 Co+3
nickel (II) and (III) nickel- Ni+2 Ni+3
tine (II) and (IV) stann- Sn+2 Sn+4
lead (II) and (IV) plumb- Pb+2 Pb+4
cerium (III) and (IV) cer- Ce+3 Ce+4
arsenic (III) and (V) arsen- As+3 As+5
antimony (III) and (V) antimon- Sb+3 Sb+5
bismuth (III) and (V) bismuth- Bi+3 Bi+5
AP Chemistry -- Acids and the Nomenclature of Ions
I. Binary Acids and Monatomic Anions:
Binary Acids are those molecular compounds beginning with hydrogen and ending with another nonmetal or
possibly a metalloid. Note that HCN, hydrocyanic acid is also included in this group. To make the acids into
monatomic anions, remove the hydrogens -- one at a time. Each hydrogen removed leaves the anion with a -1
charge.
Binary Acid Naming Rule = hydro prefix - root of 2nd element -ic suffix acid
Anion Naming Rule = drop the prefix and the word acid, change the suffix to -ide
acid formulaacid name ion formula ion name
Examples: HF hydrofluoric acid F
-1
fluoride
HCl hydrochloric acid Cl
-1
chloride
HBr hydrobromic acid Br
-1
bromide
HI hydroiodic acid I
-1
iodide
HCN hydrocyanic acid CN
-1
cyanide
H
2
S hydrosulfuric acid HS
-1
hydrogen sulfide or bisulfide
S
-2
sulfide
HN
3
hydrazoic acid N
3
-1
azide
II. Ternary Acids or Oxy-Acids:
Ternary acids contain three of more elements. They start with hydrogen, end with oxygen, and have another
nonmetal or metalloid in between. To make the acids into polyatomic anions, remove the hydrogens -- one at a time.
Each hydrogen removed leaves the anion with a -1 charge. Each ternary acid belongs to a family of potentially four
members. One member of the family is designated the "parent acid." You must memorize the names and formulas
of the common parent acids.
Ternary Acid Family Naming Rules:
HIO
4 (add an oxygen to parent) add per- prefix to parent name: periodic acid
** HIO
3
parent acid ** iodic acid
HIO
2 (remove one oxygen) change suffix to -ous: iodous acid
HIO (remove a second oxygen) add hypo- prefix to -ous name: hypoiodous acid
Anion Naming Rule = drop the word acid
change -ic suffix to -ate
change -ous suffix to -ite
acid formulaacid name ion formulaion name
Examples: HIO
4
periodic acid IO
4
-1
periodate
HIO
3
iodic acid IO
3
-1
iodate
HIO
2
iodous acid IO
2
-1
iodite
HIO hypoiodous acid IO-
1
hypoiodite
(H
3
AsO
4
= arsenic acid H
2
AsO
4
-1
= dihydrogen arsenate HAsO
4
-2
= monohydrogen arsenate)
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FAQs of AP Chemistry Ion Sheet Chemical Nomenclature Guide

What are the main types of ions covered in the AP Chemistry Ion Sheet?
The AP Chemistry Ion Sheet covers two main types of ions: monatomic and polyatomic ions. Monatomic ions include elements like sodium (Na+), chloride (Cl-), and sulfate (SO4^2-). Polyatomic ions consist of multiple atoms bonded together, such as nitrate (NO3-) and phosphate (PO4^3-). Understanding these ions is crucial for naming compounds and balancing chemical equations, making this sheet a valuable resource for AP Chemistry students.
How are binary acids named according to the AP Chemistry Ion Sheet?
Binary acids are named by using the 'hydro' prefix followed by the root of the second element and the '-ic' suffix, ending with 'acid.' For example, hydrochloric acid (HCl) derives from chloride (Cl-). When the hydrogen is removed, it forms the corresponding anion, chloride. This naming convention helps students identify and understand the relationship between acids and their anions.
What is the significance of the ternary acids in the AP Chemistry Ion Sheet?
Ternary acids, or oxyacids, are significant because they contain hydrogen, oxygen, and another nonmetal. The AP Chemistry Ion Sheet outlines how to name these acids based on their oxygen content. For instance, iodic acid (HIO3) becomes iodate (IO3-) when the hydrogen is removed. Understanding these naming conventions is essential for students as they prepare for the AP Chemistry exam and work with various chemical reactions.
What rules are provided for naming ionic compounds?
The AP Chemistry Ion Sheet outlines specific rules for naming ionic compounds, emphasizing the importance of identifying cations and anions. The cation is named first, followed by the anion, using appropriate suffixes such as '-ide,' '-ite,' or '-ate.' If the cation has multiple charges, a Roman numeral is included to indicate its charge. These rules are crucial for accurately naming compounds and understanding their chemical properties.
What are some examples of common parent ternary acids listed in the sheet?
Common parent ternary acids listed in the AP Chemistry Ion Sheet include carbonic acid (H2CO3), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), and phosphoric acid (H3PO4). Each of these acids has corresponding anions, such as carbonate (CO3^2-), sulfate (SO4^2-), and phosphate (PO4^3-). Memorizing these acids and their anions is vital for students as they prepare for the AP Chemistry exam and engage in discussions about chemical reactions.

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