CONSTANTS AND CONVERSION FACTORS
Avogadro’s number, N =×6.02 10
23
mol
−1
0
Universal gas constant, R =⋅8.31 J (mol K)
Boltzmann’s constant,
k =×1.38 10
−23
B
J K
1 atmosphere of pressure,
1 atm =×1.0 10
52
Nm =×1.0 10
5
Pa
Coulomb constant,
1 Nm⋅
2
k ==9.0 ×10
9
4
πε
0
C
2
Proton mass, m =×1.67 10
−27
p
kg
Neutron mass, m =×1.67 10
−27
n
kg
Electron mass, m =×9.11 10
−31
e
kg
Elementary charge, e =×1.60 10
−19
C
Vacuum permittivity,
ε
=×8.85 10
−12
0
C
22
()
Nm⋅
Vacuum permeability,
µ
=×41
π
0
−7
0
(T ⋅m) A
1 electron volt, 1 eV =×1.60 10
−19
J
Planck’s constant, h =×6.63 10
−−34
J ⋅×s = 4.14 10
15
eVs⋅
hc =×1.99 10
−25
J ⋅=m 1240 eVn⋅ m
Speed of light,
c =×3.00 10
8
m s
Wien’s constant, b =×2.90 10
−3
m ⋅K
Stefan-Boltzmann constant,
σ
=×5.67 10
−82
W
()
mK⋅
4
1 unified atomic mass unit, 1 u = 1.66 ×10
−27
kg = 931 MeV c
2
Universal gravitational constant, G =×6.67 10
−−11
m
32
()
kg ⋅=s 6.67 ×⋅10
11
N mk
22
g
Magnitude of the acceleration due to gravity at Earth’s surface,
g = 9.8 m s
2
Magnitude of the gravitational field strength at Earth’s surface, g = 9.8 N kg
ADVANCED PLACEMENT PHYSICS 2 TABLE OF INFORMATION
PREFIXES
Factor Prefix Symbol
10
12
tera T
10
9
giga G
10
6
mega M
10
3
kilo k
10
−2
centi c
10
−3
milli m
10
−6
micro
μ
10
−9
nano n
10
−12
pico p
VALUES OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS FOR
COMMON ANGLES
θ
0° 30° 37° 45° 53° 60° 90°
sin
θ
0
12 35 22 4 5 32
1
cos
θ
1
32 4 5 22 35 12
0
tan
θ
0
33 34
1
4 3
3
∞
The following conventions are used in this exam:
• The frame of reference of any problem is assumed to be inertial unless
otherwise stated.
• Air resistance is assumed to be negligible unless otherwise stated.
• Springs and strings are assumed to be ideal unless otherwise stated.
• The electric potential is zero at an infinite distance from an isolated point
charge.
• The direction of current is the direction in which positive charges would drift.
• All batteries, wires, and meters are assumed to be ideal unless otherwise stated.
UNIT SYMBOLS
ampere, A
coulomb, C
degree Celsius,
°C
electron volt, eV
farad, F
hertz, Hz
joule, J
kelvin, K
kilogram, kg
meter, m
mole, mol
newton, N
ohm, Ω
pascal, Pa
second, s
tesla, T
volt, V
watt, W
1
Physics-2.indd 1 26/11/24 11:54 AM
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Appendix V.1
|
228AP Physics 2: Algebra-Based Course and Exam Description
