The Middle Age Timeline outlines significant events in European history from 500 AD to 1500 AD, covering the fall of the Roman Empire to the rise of the Ottoman Empire. Key figures such as Charlemagne and Joan of Arc are highlighted, along with major occurrences like the Black Plague and the Crusades. This timeline serves as a valuable resource for students and history enthusiasts seeking to understand the complexities of the Medieval period. It details the evolution of society, culture, and governance during these transformative centuries.

Key Points

  • Covers major events from 500 to 1500 AD in Europe, including the fall of Rome and the rise of Islam.
  • Highlights key figures like Charlemagne and Joan of Arc, detailing their contributions to history.
  • Explains the impact of the Black Plague on European society and population.
  • Describes the significance of the Crusades in shaping religious and political landscapes.
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Middle Age Timeline
The Middle Ages, or Medieval Times, in Europe was a long period of history from 500 AD to 1500 AD. That's
1000 years! It covers the time from the fall of the Roman Empire to the rise of the Ottoman Empire.
This was a time of castles and peasants, guilds and monasteries, cathedrals and crusades. Great leaders such as
Joan of Arc and Charlemagne were part of the Middle Ages as well as major events such as the Black Plague
and the rise of Islam.
Middle Ages, Medieval Times, Dark Ages: What's the Difference?
When people use the terms Medieval Times, Middle Ages, and Dark Ages they are generally referring to the
same period of time. The Dark Ages is usually referring to the first half of the Middle Ages from 500 to 1000
AD.
After the fall of the Roman Empire, a lot of the Roman culture and knowledge was lost. This included art,
technology, engineering, and history. Historians know a lot about Europe during the Roman Empire because the
Romans kept excellent records of all that happened. However, the time after the Romans is "dark" to historians
because there was no central government recording events. This is why historians call this time the Dark Ages.
Although the term Middle Ages covers the years between 500 and 1500 throughout the world, this timeline is
based on events specifically in Europe during that time.
Date
Event
350
A.D.
Barbaric invasions (350 - 800 A.D.).
Barbaric tribes come into the Roman
lands to steal and to find better places
to live. Such groups include the Anglo-
Saxons, the Vandals, the Visogoths,
and the Huns. Some keep moving to
new areas. Some settle and make their
conquered lands their home.
410
A.D.
Rome falls (410 - 476 A.D.).
The Roman Empire has been split into
two sections. The Western Roman
Empire is still ruled by Rome. In 410
the Visogoth king, Alaric, attacks
Rome for three days. In 476 the last
Roman emperor, Romulus Augustus,
is thrown out of Rome by German
invader Odoacer.
412
A.D.
Eastern Roman Empire continues
(412 - 565 A.D.).
Emperor Constantine I has made
Constantinople his capital in 330.
About 412, protective walls are built
to keep the city safe from invaders.
Justinian I rules from 527- 565. He
wants to reunite the western and
eastern empires, but cannot do so.
741
A.D.
Muslim invasions halted (741 - 732
A.D.).
Along with barbarians from the north,
Muslims begin to conquer lands from
the south. Charles Martel, the Frank
king, stops the Muslims' northward
push in 732.
Charlemagne rules (768 - 814 A.D.).
Charles Martel's grandson,
Charlemagne, becomes the new Frank
king. He desires to spread Christianity.
As he conquers land, he extends his
faith. He is crowned "Emperor of the
Romans" in 800 by Pope Leo III.
Charlemagne dies in 814. The first
castles are built around this time.
840
A.D.
A divided kingdom.
After Charlemagne's son dies, the kingdom is split into three. Raids into western Europe
increase. In order to protect themselves, kingships are created.
871
A.D.
Alfred the Great of England rules (871 - 899 A.D.).
Alfred the Great defeats the Danes (Vikings) in 878. In 886 he captures London. He signs
a treaty, splitting England between him and the Danes. As a ruler Alfred encourages
education by establishing schools.
1000
A.D.
City states and feudal systems (1000
- 1200 A.D.).
Rome, Florence, Venice, and other
Italians towns become city-states. The
feudal system begins. Kings give
sections of land called fiefs to lords in
exchange for help during wars. The
lords can give land to knights. The
peasants work the land in exchange
for food and protection.
1096
A.D.
First Crusade (About 1096 - 1099
A.D.).
Religious people go on pilgrimages to
visit sacred Biblical sites. When the
Seljuk Turks rule, they forbid visits to
the Holy Land. The Pope calls for a
crusade against the Seljuks.
Eventually the crusaders take the city
of Jerusalem. There will be nine
crusades in all between now and1272.
1135
A.D.
Stained glass and gothic style
(About 1135 - 1144 A.D.).
St. Denis Abbey in Paris is rebuilt in
the Gothic style, the first church to use
this design. The church also uses
stained glass windows. By this time
there are many Catholic monasteries
in France. Some monks spend their
days hand-copying holy books and
drawing beautiful designs along the
borders.
121
5
A.D
.
Magna Carta is signed.
Rebels oppose King John of England.
But they have no ruler to take his place.
Instead they have him sign a document,
the Magna Carta, stating that there is no
divine right of kings.
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FAQs

What were the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire?
The fall of the Roman Empire was influenced by a combination of internal weaknesses and external pressures. Economic troubles, political corruption, and military defeats weakened the empire from within. Additionally, invasions by barbaric tribes such as the Visigoths and Vandals further destabilized the region. By 476 AD, the last Roman emperor, Romulus Augustus, was overthrown, marking the end of the Western Roman Empire.
What role did Charlemagne play in the Middle Ages?
Charlemagne, also known as Charles the Great, ruled as King of the Franks from 768 to 814 AD and significantly shaped the course of European history. He sought to unite much of Western Europe under his rule and spread Christianity through his conquests. In 800 AD, he was crowned 'Emperor of the Romans' by Pope Leo III, symbolizing the fusion of Roman, Christian, and Germanic elements. His reign laid the foundations for the Holy Roman Empire and influenced the development of medieval European culture.
What was the significance of the Magna Carta?
The Magna Carta, signed in 1215, is a foundational document in the history of democracy and legal rights. It arose from a conflict between King John of England and rebellious barons who sought to limit the king's power. The Magna Carta established the principle that everyone, including the king, is subject to the law. It also included provisions for fair trial and due process, influencing future legal systems and constitutional frameworks.
How did the Black Death affect Europe?
The Black Death, which struck Europe between 1347 and 1350, had devastating effects on the continent's population and society. It is estimated that about one-third of Europe's population perished due to the plague, leading to labor shortages and economic upheaval. The massive death toll altered social structures, as surviving workers could demand higher wages and better conditions. Additionally, the plague prompted shifts in religious beliefs and practices, as many questioned the Church's authority during such a catastrophic event.
What were the main outcomes of the Crusades?
The Crusades, a series of religious wars from the late 11th to the late 13th centuries, aimed to reclaim the Holy Land from Muslim control. The First Crusade resulted in the capture of Jerusalem in 1099, but subsequent Crusades had mixed results. The Crusades facilitated cultural exchanges between Europe and the Middle East, leading to increased trade and the transfer of knowledge. They also intensified hostilities between Christians and Muslims, leaving a lasting impact on relations between the two faiths.

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