Mumu Short story by Ivan Turgenev

Mumu Short story by Ivan Turgenev

Mumu is a poignant short story by Ivan Turgenev that explores themes of love, loss, and the struggles of the lower class in 19th-century Russia. The narrative follows Gerasim, a deaf and mute porter, who forms a deep bond with his dog, Mumu. When circumstances force him to choose between his beloved pet and the whims of his cruel mistress, Gerasim faces a heartbreaking dilemma. This story highlights the emotional depth of its characters and critiques social hierarchies. Ideal for literature enthusiasts and students studying Russian literature, Mumu offers a powerful commentary on the human condition.

Key Points

  • Explores the bond between Gerasim and his dog, Mumu, against the backdrop of 19th-century Russia.
  • Highlights themes of love, sacrifice, and social injustice prevalent in Turgenev's works.
  • Depicts the struggles of the lower class through the character of Gerasim, a deaf and mute porter.
  • Illustrates the emotional turmoil faced by Gerasim when forced to choose between his dog and his oppressive mistress.
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I
MUMU
BY IVAN TURGENEV
N one of the outlying streets of Moscow, in a gray house with white
columns and a balcony, warped all askew, there was once living a lady, a
widow, surrounded by a numerous household of serfs. Her sons were in
the government service at Petersburg; her daughters were married; she went
out very little, and in solitude lived through the last years of her miserly and
dreary old age. Her day, a joyless and gloomy day, had long been over; but
the evening of her life was blacker than night.
Of all her servants, the most remarkable personage was the porter,
Gerasim, a man full twelve inches over the normal height, of heroic build,
and deaf and dumb from his birth. The lady, his owner, had brought him up
from the village where he lived alone in a little hut, apart from his brothers,
and was reckoned about the most punctual of her peasants in the payment of
the seignorial dues. Endowed with extraordinary strength, he did the work
of four men; work flew apace under his hands, and it was a pleasant sight to
see him when he was ploughing, while, with his huge palms pressing hard
upon the plough, he seemed alone, unaided by his poor horse, to cleave the
yielding bosom of the earth, or when, about St. Peter's Day, he plied his
scythe with a furious energy that might have mown a young birch copse up
by the roots, or swiftly and untiringly wielded a flail over two yards long;
while the hard oblong muscles of his shoulders rose and fell like a lever. His
perpetual silence lent a solemn dignity to his unwearying labor. He was a
splendid peasant, and, except for his affliction, any girl would have been
glad to marry him. . . . But now they had taken Gerasim to Moscow, bought
him boots, had him made a full-skirted coat for summer, a sheepskin for
winter, put into his hand a broom and a spade, and appointed him porter.
At first he intensely disliked his new mode of life. From his childhood he
had been used to field labor, to village life. Shut off by his affliction from
the society of men, he had grown up, dumb and mighty, as a tree grows on a
fruitful soil. When he was transported to the town, he could not understand
what was being done with him; he was miserable and stupefied, with the
stupefaction of some strong young bull, taken straight from the meadow,
where the rich grass stood up to his belly, taken and put in the truck of a
railway train, and there, while smoke and sparks and gusts of steam puff out
upon the sturdy beast, he is whirled onwards, whirled along with loud roar
and whistle, whither–God knows! What Gerasim had to do in his new du-
ties seemed a mere trifle to him after his hard toil as a peasant; in half an
hour all his work was done, and he would once more stand stock-still in the
middle of the courtyard, staring open-mouthed at all the passers-by, as
though trying to wrest from them the explanation of his perplexing position;
or he would suddenly go off into some corner, and flinging a long way off
the broom or, the spade, throw himself on his face on the ground, and lie for
hours together without stirring, like a caged beast. But man gets used to
anything, and Gerasim got used at last to living in town. He had little work
to do; his whole duty consisted in keeping the courtyard clean, bringing in a
barrel of water twice a day, splitting and dragging in wood for the kitchen
and the house, keeping out strangers, and watching at night. And it must be
said he did his duty zealously. In his courtyard there was never a shaving
lying about, never a speck of dust; if sometimes, in the muddy season, the
wretched nag, put under his charge for fetching water, got stuck in the road,
he would simply give it a shove with his shoulder, and set not only the cart
but the horse itself moving. If he set to chopping wood, the axe fairly rang
like glass, and chips and chunks flew in all directions. And as for strangers,
after he had one night caught two thieves and knocked their heads together–
knocked them so that there was not the slightest need to take them to the
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FAQs of Mumu Short story by Ivan Turgenev

What is the main theme of Mumu by Ivan Turgenev?
The main theme of Mumu revolves around love and sacrifice, particularly the bond between Gerasim and his dog. Turgenev uses this relationship to explore the emotional depth of his characters and the impact of social hierarchies on personal relationships. The story critiques the cruelty of the upper class and highlights the struggles of the lower class, represented by Gerasim, who is deaf and mute. Ultimately, the narrative underscores the profound sense of loss that accompanies the choices forced upon individuals by societal pressures.
Who is Gerasim in the story Mumu?
Gerasim is the protagonist of Mumu, a deaf and mute porter who works for a wealthy widow in Moscow. Despite his physical limitations, he is portrayed as a strong and capable man, known for his extraordinary labor. His bond with his dog, Mumu, serves as the emotional core of the story, illustrating his capacity for love and compassion. Gerasim's character embodies the struggles of the lower class and the harsh realities they face, particularly when he is forced to confront the whims of his cruel mistress.
What happens to Mumu in the story?
In Mumu, the titular dog is cherished by Gerasim, who forms a deep emotional bond with her. However, the story takes a tragic turn when Gerasim's mistress orders him to get rid of Mumu due to her disobedience. Faced with the impossible choice between his beloved pet and the demands of his oppressive mistress, Gerasim ultimately decides to drown Mumu to spare her from a life of suffering. This heartbreaking decision highlights the themes of sacrifice and the impact of social injustice on personal relationships.
What social issues does Turgenev address in Mumu?
Turgenev addresses several social issues in Mumu, particularly the class divide between the wealthy and the poor in 19th-century Russia. The story critiques the cruelty and indifference of the upper class, represented by Gerasim's mistress, who exerts her power over her servants and their lives. Additionally, Turgenev highlights the struggles faced by the lower class, exemplified by Gerasim, who, despite his strength and loyalty, is powerless against the whims of his employer. The narrative serves as a poignant commentary on social injustice and the emotional toll it takes on individuals.

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